Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a
document
written in HTML or XML (including XML dialects such as SVG, MathML or XHTML). CSS describes how
elements
should be rendered on screen, on paper, in speech, or on other media.
CSS is among the core languages of the open web and is standardized across Web browsers according to
W3C
specifications. Previously, the development of various parts of CSS specification was done
synchronously, which allowed the versioning of the latest recommendations. You might have heard
about
CSS1, CSS2.1, or even CSS3. There will never be a CSS3 or a CSS4; rather, everything is now CSS
without
a version number.
After CSS 2.1, the scope of the specification increased significantly and the progress on different
CSS
modules started to differ so much, that it became more effective to develop and release
recommendations
separately per module. Instead of versioning the CSS specification, W3C now periodically takes a
snapshot of the latest stable state of the CSS specification and individual modules progress. CSS
modules now have version numbers, or levels, such as CSS Color Module Level 5
CSS Introduction
If you're new to web development, be sure to read our CSS basics article to learn what CSS is and how to
use
it.
CSS Tutorials
Our CSS learning area contains a wealth of tutorials to take you from beginner level to proficiency,
covering
all the fundamentals.
CSS Reference
Our exhaustive CSS reference for seasoned Web developers describes every property and concept of CSS.
CSS first steps
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to alter the font,
color,
size, and spacing of your content, split it into multiple columns, or add animations and other
decorative
features. This module provides a gentle beginning to your path towards CSS mastery with the basics of
how it
works, what the syntax looks like, and how you can start using it to add styling to HTML.
CSS building blocks
This module carries on where CSS first steps left off — now you've gained familiarity with the language
and
its syntax, and got some basic experience with using it, it's time to dive a bit deeper. This module
looks
at the cascade and inheritance, all the selector types we have available, units, sizing, styling
backgrounds
and borders, debugging, and lots more.
The aim here is to provide you with a toolkit for writing competent CSS and help you understand all the
essential theory, before moving on to more specific disciplines like text styling and CSS layout.
CSS styling text
With the basics of the CSS language covered, the next CSS topic for you to concentrate on is styling text
—
one of the most common things you'll do with CSS. Here we look at text styling fundamentals, including
setting font, boldness, italics, line and letter spacing, drop shadows, and other text features. We
round
off the module by looking at applying custom fonts to your page, and styling lists and links.
CSS layout
At this point we've already looked at CSS fundamentals, how to style text, and how to style and
manipulate
the boxes that your content sits inside. Now it's time to look at how to place your boxes in the right
place
in relation to the viewport, and to each other. We have covered the necessary prerequisites so we can
now
dive deep into CSS layout, looking at different display settings, modern layout tools like flexbox, CSS
grid, and positioning, and some of the legacy techniques you might still want to know about.
Use CSS to solve common problems
This module provides links to sections of content explaining how to use CSS to solve common problems when
creating a web page.
The CSS layout cookbook aims to bring together recipes for common layout patterns, things you might need
to
implement in your sites. In addition to providing code you can use as a starting point in your projects,
these recipes highlight the different ways layout specifications can be used and the choices you can
make as
a developer.
learning process:
eat
sleep
rave
code